Non-state actor is a term widely use to think of any actor that is not a g overnment (Willetts, 2005:426). holy non-state actors in international relations include: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), Firms and businesses, especially international corporations (MNCs), International organized crime and drug classifyings and International paramilitary unit organisation and terrorist assemblages. In this essay, it will discuss whether Non-State actor represents a sweet challenge to thermo atomic proliferation by observing with furiousness the relationships amid the terrorist groups and Non-State actor. Although atomic weapons has been strictly dominanceled by the states, such as Russia and USA, and the atomic weapons ar hard to be built, terrorists group still study up capability and possibility to framing or appropriate atomic weapons. In the following, it will explain these possibilities. The proliferation of nuclear weapons to terrorist groups is possibly i odin of the most frightening threats to world earnest. The attack of family bourne 11, 2001 is a revival for politicians to face the threat of nuclear terrorism. The atomic train comprise, since its commencement in 1981, has been analyzing the risks of nuclear terrorism and pursuit to whipping policymakers and the public to the danger. There was a solid tail for head ache long before the attacks of September 11. In putting the terrorist attacks on 11 September into perspective, Jayantha Dhanapala, the united Nations Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament, has warned, We affect to be aware of the fact that this situation could begin been a good deal worse than it has been -- l sculptural relief for example if weapons of mass destruction were used by these terrorists. (UN TV, September 19, 2001). A nuclear attack by a terrorist group would likely result in an quaint number of death. It could significantly foul an inner-city, causing economic and fond disruption. Th is kind of attacks would have significant ps! ychological impacts on the intact population. Since the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States and Russia have removed most all their tactical nuclear weapons from overseas deployment. However, at that piazza has been continued speculation that near number of Soviet cup of tea bombs (small portable nuclear weapons) await unaccounted for, with unconfirmed reports that they have been obtained by Al Qaeda (Wolfsthal &Collina, 2002:142). Also, aegis weaknesses have been identified at nuclear weapons laboratories and other installations in both(prenominal) Russia and the United States. Further, the pledge of India and Pakistans nascent nuclear arsenals is uncertain. The learnedness and use of nuclear weapons by a terrorist organization is then becoming much likely, by thievery or social structure of a nuclear explosive device. Terrorists may steal a nuclear bomb, as the security of such weapons is questionable. In the Russia there is particular concern over certain ambiguities regarding suitcase size mini-nucs, though even bigger nuclear weapons, such as those possessed by Pakistan, could be stolen with a large truck. The United States and these countries are paying lacking(p) attention to this problem and, in some cases, pursuing policies that add-on the risk of terrorists acquiring nuclear weapons. A study lively for Nuclear visualize Institute by five power U.S. nuclear weapons designers concluded that a sophisticated terrorist group would be capable of designing and seduceing a workable nuclear bomb from stolen plutonium or highly enriched uranium, with potential yields in the kiloton range. Nuclear materials, technologies and slam-how are more widely available today than ever before. Small quantities of both fissile materials and highly hot materials, sufficient to manufacture a nuclear weapon, are actively traded on the black market. Although terrorist groups are not suspected of rattling acquiring such materials in lar ge quantities, it is difficult to know for sure.
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Therefore, it is possible for terrorists to make nuclear weapons. Concern about the proliferation of nuclear capabilities has undoubtedly increased in significance on the world-wide agenda.The spread of this threat has been facilitated by globalization?notably, by the ease of air travel, the mobility of people, and the advent of mobile phone phones and the Internet. Technology has enabled many an(prenominal) of the processes of globalization and terrorists can exploit its benefits. It in like modal value comes from restless Arabs and other Muslims from repressive countries, who emigrated only to find themselves in anomic situations in their new countries. In conclusion, due to the security weakness of the states, terrorists have an opportunity to steal nuclear weapons. As mentioned above, with the spread of technologies, nuclear materials and the acknowledgement of building nuclear weapons, the possibilities for terrorists to build nuclear weapons are increasing. Furthermore terrorists are out of rule by international law, they can buy nuclear weapons by trading in black markets from nuclear weapon?s countries which may support them. And globalization has put terrorists into highway to fret nuclear weapons. From these aspects, It is becoming harder to control nuclear weapons. Therefore, the non-state actors especially the terrorist group becomes a new challenge to nuclear proliferation. References:1. James D. Kiras, 2006, extra operations and strategy from World war II to the state of war on Terrorism, London, p4802. Jon Wolfsthal and Tom Collina ,2002, Nuclear Terrorism and Warhead check out In Russia Arms Control Today, Carnegie, P1423. Peter, Willetts 1996 The Conscience of the World: The thread of Non-Gove! rnmental Organizations in the UN System, Brookings Institution Press, p426 If you want to get a hefty essay, order it on our website:
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