Hypothyroidism: The Most Common Chronic Diseases in the United States

If hypo thyroidalal glandalalism develops in older children, they abruptly stop growing. Obesity increases the risk of hypothyroidism, as does a family invoice or a personal history of high cholesterol levels or autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes. It occurs most in women over season 50 and in men over age 60.

The most common build of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's disease, also referred to as autoimmune thyroiditis, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, lymphadenoid goiter, thyromegaly lymphomatosa or chronic thyroiditis. It is a chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland (Hashimoto's, 2001; Haggerty, 1999). In Hashimoto's disease, the immune system does not do it the thyroid gland as being part of the body's thread and reacts against it as if it was a foreign body. This impairs thyroid function and sometimes destroys the thyroid gland.

Hashimoto's disease is most comm lonesome(prenominal) seen in middle-aged women, but is known to occur from childhood through age 70 (Baker, 1992). The symptoms in a patients with Hashimoto's disease ordinarily let in a combination of goiter, hypothyroidism and serological evidence of thyroid autoantibodies. onetime(prenominal) these patients develop hyperthyroidism, which is present even in the presence of thyroid autoantibodies. The hyperthyroid stage of Hashimoto's disease is t

Hashimoto's thyroiditis very much occurs in Type I diabetes, according to Perry, Steenkiste, Siulc, Trucco and Dorman (2000). These researchers looked at the ancestral link between diabetes and Hashimoto's disease and found that HLA-DQ haplotypes contributing to dexterity to Type I diabetes also predispose to Hashimoto's thyroiditis and therefore are likely to explain much of the clustering of autoimmune thyroid disease among Type I diabetics and their families. Graves' disease is another diversity of autoimmune thyroid disease in which the person usually has an enlarged thyroid gland with normal or gently abnormal thyroid function tests (Hashimoto's, 2001).

hought to arise from the release of thyroid hormone from damaged thyroid follicles.

Silent thyroiditis occurs with about the very(prenominal) frequency as subacute thyroiditis, but has no symptoms or signs of thyroid inflammation (Health Guides, 2001). The patient is hyperthyroid and whitethorn have the aforesaid(prenominal) symptoms as someone with Graves' disease. Postpartum thyroiditis occurs often in women with a past history of thyroid disease. It resembles Hashimoto's disease except that the thyroid gland tends to recover and thyroid hormone treatment is only needed for a short time. However, recurrences are common.

T cells are necessary for the development of autoimmune thyroiditis (Baker, 1992). Both helper and suppressor-cytotoxic T cells are present in the thyroid gland of patients with Hashimoto's disease, and T cell clones produced from intrathyroid lymphocytes show both helper and cytotoxic activity. At the time of clinical diagnosis of Hashimoto's disease, only minimal T cell sensitization to either thyroglobulin or thyroid peroxidase is present. This may mean that the immune response is localized to the thyroid and regional lymph nodes at this time.

de Quervain's Thyroiditis (Subacute Thyroiditis)

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